Sing, Unburied, Sing
By Jesmyn Ward
Published 2017
Read March 2019
This is a very difficult book to read. The family in this book suffers from poverty,
racial prejudice, drug addition, loss of a son to a lynching, haunting memories
from past that are also racially driven, and impeding death of a loved one to
cancer. It’s sometimes tough to stay
with this dark text, but in the end, well
worth the effort.
Jojo, a mixed-race thirteen year old boy living with his
black grandparents in poor rural Mississippi who clearly loves and is loved by
his grandfather, is a primary narrator.
His mother, Leonie, had Jojo when she was 17 and a daughter when she was
26, is a second narrator. Richie, a boy
Jojo’s grandfather knew when he was in Parchman (now Mississippi State
Penitentiary) eventually joins as a third narrator.
Jojo’s voice starts us on our journey with this fractured
family with “I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that it’s something I could
look at straight.” He’s about to join
his grandfather in butchering a goat that will become his 13th
birthday dinner. He desperately wants
his grandfather, Pop, to “think I’ve earned these thirteen years” and that he’s
ready to do the work that needs to be done.
We learn that he’s already doing a lot of work as the primary caregiver
of his three year old sister, Kayla. Jojo’s
grandmother “Mam” is dying of cancer and is now confined to her bed and dealing
with searing pain and the gradual loss of her body to her disease so she is no
longer able to provide care to her daughter’s children. Jojo’s mother, Leonie, is not around much and
Jojo has learned to expect little or nothing from her when she is around.
Through Leonie’s narration we learn of her enduring love for
the father of her children, Michael, the son of a white family that has
essentially disowned him for taking up with a black girl. Michael is currently at Parchman for an
unnamed offense. They apparently lived
together with their children in an apartment while he worked on the Deepwater
Horizon oil rig. After it blew up he
lost his job, they lost the apartment when his severance ran out, and they moved
in with her parents. Leonie now works at
a bar with Misty, a white girl who lives in a MEMA (Mississippi Emergency
Management Agency) cottage, courtesy Katrina. Leonie and Misty are heavily into
drugs, apparently selling as well as using.
When Leonie receives word that Michael will be released from
Parchman, she decides to take the kids with her to pick him up so they can
again be a family. Pop and Mam are not
excited about this road trip and she eventually decides to have Misty come
along too. Much of the alternating
narration between Jojo, and Leonie, and eventually Richie, is focused on the
road trip which includes some drug dealing, an interaction with the police,
essentially no care or feeding of the children, and vivid descriptions of
Kayla’s puking all over everything repeatedly which certainly heightens the
stress in this heavily loaded car (five people and hidden drugs) driving the
back roads of hot and humid Mississippi.
(Why does so much of modern TV, film, and literature involve throwing
up—starting in the first chapter of this book after the goat is slaughtered?)
Through a supernatural vein, Ward brings forward the horrors
of Parchman, the death of Leonie’s brother, Given, by the hands of Michael’s
cousin, and countless other atrocities committed against black men and women
through the history of the country. Jojo,
Leoine, and Kayla are blessed with (?) and burdened by their abilities to
interact with those that have met violent deaths. Richie is desperately seeking
the land across the water where everything is peaceful and beautiful. It’s not clear to this reader that this
approach for highlighting Ward’s theme of continued racial hatred and its
consequences in this country is the most engaging. Certainly we hope Richie and future children
don’t have to find peaceful and beautiful places to live only after they die
and leave this planet. However, Ward
lost my attention a bit when Richie’s vision described” yurts and adobe
dwellings and teepees and longhouses and villas.” This language wasn’t quite compatible, to
this reader’s ears, with the story of the twelve-year-old sent to Parchman for
stealing food for his starving siblings.
Fortunately there are some positive moments in the book,
although they carry a heavy undertone as well.
The descriptions of Kayla clinging to Jojo shows how deeply committed
Jojo is to her care and well-being, but this is in stark contrast to Leonie’s
inability to care for either child herself.
Similarly, Jojo’s relationship with his Pop is beautifully drawn, but
the story Pop slowly reels out to Jojo about Richie is a very dark one.
This book was selected as the winner of the 2017 National
Book Award for fiction over two other books this reader has recently read: Pachinko by Min Jin Lee and The Leavers by Lisa Ko. It’s interesting they all discuss challenges
to family that are at least partially driven by the society in which the family
lives because each is part of “the other” = “not us”. The
Leavers and this book both use first person narratives of a son and mother. In The Leavers, the son and mother do push
through a challenge to their relationship by correcting a misunderstanding
about why the mother has left the son, although in the nicely ambiguous ending
they continue their separate paths. In Sing, Unburied, Sing, there is no
reconciliation between mother and son, partially driven by the son’s age and
substantially because the mother isn’t ready to return in any way to her
son. All of these books require the
reader to face many realities past and present of members of our society which
we would otherwise not know. I can only
speculate that Sing, Unburied, Sing won
over The Leavers partly because
Ward’s language is more like that of another revered Mississippi writer,
Faulkner, to whom she has been compared, and partly because the racial issues
in Ward’s book remain unresolved and violent.
The issues raised in The Leavers
may seem more modern but have certainly been present throughout the country’s
history, just less devastating for earlier immigrants than the racial issues
present in Ward’s book. At any rate, all
these books deserve reading as each will provoke a reader’s thinking about how
we treat “other” and the impact of that treatment. I do remain curious whether any of these
books will become “classic” according to this reader’s personal definition—
the book is still read 50 years after its publication. The glorious flood of serious literature
annually makes this a large challenge but one that this reader hopes can be
met.